Triều Tần (221 – 206 TCN)

1. The dominance of the Qin Dynasty

The Warring States, in China, has 7 major countries, Yen, Qi, So, Trieu, Wei, Han, Tan, of which from the middle of the fourth century, I became the most powerful country. In the final attack, from 230 to 221 Tr.C, Qin destroyed Korea, Trieu, Wei, So, Yen, Qi, and completed the unification of China. On that basis, the first feudal dynasty in China – Qin dynasty – was established.

The most significant contribution of the Qin dynasty was the first basis for building the central feudal state apparatus in China.

Before unifying, the Qin King named Doanh Chinh was only called Qin Vuong. After becoming the king of the whole country, Doanh Chinh claimed to be the emperor, taking the name of the Emperor, the first emperor, the history of the familiarity called Qin Shi Huang. At the central level, under the emperor, there were 3 first officials who were prime ministers, Thai Party Committee and Master of the History. The Prime Minister helped the Emperor solve political tasks. Thai Party Committee in charge of military. The historian is in charge of the clerical and supervising the officials. Under these three people are 9 officers in charge of different things such as French Figure, Tax, etc.

Local. Tan Thuy Hoang did not implement the selection mode but divided the whole country into 36 districts. Under the district is the district and then the flavor. Communal house. The leading officials of the district called the Party Committee and orders were appointed by the Central Government. In order to consolidate the unified background, in addition to the administrative organization, Tan Thuy Hoang also ordered the measurement, currency, writing and law regime of the country to apply throughout the country.

Those guidelines were in accordance with the historical process at that time, but while implementing the ruling policies as well as in private life, Tan Thuy Hoang was very brutal and luxurious, so he became a famous tyrant in Chinese history.

First of all, Qin Shi Huang’s rule is that “everything uses the law to decide, engrave silver, do not use virtue, eat meaning …). So, the law of the Tan Dynasty is extremely harsh. People like men send roots, they are sad driving or before wholesaling, or have parents who are traders are considered to be offenders, so they are punished. Something to go to the wrong time, they were slashed.

In addition to those who are closed by the law, Qin Shi Huang also likes to “kill and kill”. For example, there are two Confucianists, Hau Sinh and Lu Sinh were tasked with finding a fairy for Qin Shi Huang, but they condemned the cruel authority of Thuy Hoang and fled. Qin Shi Huang went to examine all the Confucianists. As a result, more than 460 people were discovered that they were banned from being bury by Qin Shi Huang to buried alive in Ham Duong, and then informed people to know Dé Ran De.

Or as year 211 Tr.cn, there was a rock from the sky falling, the people engraved the words “Thuy Hoang died, the land was divided”. Qin Shi Huang asked but no one accepted it, so he forced all the nearby people to kill and burn the stone.

Qin Shi Huang also ordered people to criticize their dominance, while some Confucianists often lead the sentences in the history books to decry the contemporary situation.

Therefore, Tan Thuy Hoang ordered the people to submit all kinds of exam books, letters and works of the scholars of the Warring States period (except for the history books of the country, the book, the book of fortune telling and the planting book) to the local officials to burn, and banned the ancient books to discuss each other. Qin Thuy Hoang also banned the opening of private schools to teach, who wanted to study, they could only ask the officials to teach the law.

Tan Thuy Hoang also did not build many huge architectural works such as Van Ly Truong Thanh, Lang Li Son, Cung A Phong and more than 700 bows in scattered throughout the country.

The Great Wall of Truong Thanh is more than ten thousand miles long -lived on the basis of connecting and covering three old parts of Tan, Trieu and Yen countries.

Li Li Son is a huge tomb area that Qin Shi Huang prepares himself as soon as he first ascended the throne. The circumference of the mausoleum is 1400m long, the tomb is built very sophisticatedly, “there is enough astronomy above, there is enough geography”, “There is a machine shooting machine who has dug up near, then shoot out”.

A room is a very large new palace area, of which, the front electricity has a length of 2500 meters and a width of 500 meters. To build Lang Li Son and Cung A Phong, Tan Thuy Hoang mobilized 700,000 people to work. Yet when Thuy Hoang died, supply A Phong was not completed.

At the same time with other policy of dominance in the country, Tan Thuy Hoang has conducted many wars to invade outside. Right from 223 Tr.Cc, when he had just finished killing the country, the Qin country sent troops to the south to attack the Vietnamese ethnic groups. By 214 Tr.CN, the Qin dynasty won a large area including the provinces of Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi today and then established 4 new districts: Manchu Trung, Nam Hai, Que Lam and Tuong.

Thus, in order to satisfy a luxurious life, to build massive architectural works and to carry out the wars of aggression, Tan Thuy Hoang has mobilized countless people’s strength to make the people extremely miserable.

Therefore, the “realization” of Han Thu said: “By the time of the Qin Shihuang, the annexation of the world, inside the construction, the outside of the enemy was beaten; tax collected up to 2/3 of the harvest, mobilizing poor people in the alley to go to the alley, men were very plowed with enough food, women weaving cloth did not have enough clothes; Deep water so exile and rebellion ”.

In 210 million VND, Tan Thuy Hoang died on the way to consider the localities. Against the will of Thuy Hoang, Prime Minister Ly Tu and Quan Hoan Trieu Cao plotted to kill the eldest son of Qin Thuy Hoang, Phu To, and then set up the second son, Tiger, as a king, took the title.

Qin Nhi was a stupid but also very brutal king. According to Nhi The order, the non -children without children were ferrets according to Qin Shi Huang and after the burial work was finished, the tunnel sealed the tunnel to prevent the people working in it, so that the secret in the tomb from being revealed.

Listening to the flattery of Zhao Cao, Second The Hand killed most of the mandarins and the dude. The small officials under these people were also killed.

In order to show the policy of building a room of his father is right, Nhi The ordered to continue building this project. Nhi The also raised many dogs, horses, and birds. The food in Kinh Do Ham Duong is not enough, then catching from the places in the country, but these carriers themselves have to bring their own food to eat, not to eat rice within 300 miles of Ham Duong citadel. Meanwhile the law is even more strict. Therefore, the conflict in the inherently fierce society.

2. Last frequency farm war movement

Living under the brutal domination of the Qin Dynasty, the Chinese people were extremely miserable. The vast majority of the masses have to live in misery, so much that “must wear like a horse, eat like a pig dog”). Those who were executed or prisoned could not be told, so “people wearing red shirts (ie prison) were full of roads and prisoners into markets”. Therefore, the resentment of the people has reached the extreme, only waiting for the opportunity to wake up to overthrow the Qin Dynasty.

In 209 Tr.CN, that is, after Qin Thuy Hoang died a year, Tan Nhi The mobilized a team of soldiers of 900 people including Tran Thang (also known as Tran Thiep) and Ngo Quang to defend in Ngu Duong (Ha Bac). When the soldiers were closed in Huong Dai Trach in the rainy season, the muddy road was hard to go, the town who could not reach the right time. Tran Thang and Ngo Quang killed two Vien commanders and then connected to his teammates: They met the rain, both of them were wrong. The wrong term is guilty. Even if there is a slash, among the ten people, they will die seven. Besides the white scholar who does not die, but dead, it must be famous. Vuong Hau, Khanh General had to have a new lineage to do it.

That opinion was responded by everyone, and thus the flirtatious farmer uprising began to explode.

Tran Thang and Ngo Quang are poor farmers, but to enlist the support of the masses. Tran Thang pretended to be the prince of Phu To, the eldest son of Tan Thuy Hoang, Ngo Quang fake a Yen Yen, the old general of the Department of Department, because they were the people who were sympathetic by the people.

News of uprising transmitted, people in all places all rebelled to kill the district to respond. Therefore the force grows very quickly. From Huong Dai Trach, the insurgents approached Tran (Ha Nam). Here, Tran Thang invited the elderly elderly, the rotting and famous people who came to discuss big jobs. These people all said: “The general carries thick armor, holds sharp spears, beats the immoral, destroys the frequency of the Qin dynasty, restores the commune for the country, with that merit, it is worth being a king” (3). Listening to their opinions, Tran Thang claimed to be the king, taking the name of Truong So (meaning the expansion of the Department) established a new government in Tran land. Shortly thereafter, Tran Thang sent a person to lead the troops to go to the forces of rebels in Trieu land, Wei land … On the one hand, Ngo Quang, Chu Van, General Luu Luu took three armies divided into three nose to the west to attack the Tan army.

But while deploying the forces, the farmer’s insurgents have revealed their inherent disadvantages, so from the beginning of the movement was dispersed and internal division, leading to mutual killing. Those who have to go to the goods often separate from the movement to plan to build their own forces to own a region.

Of the three troops to the west, the force commanded by Chu Van was the strongest army. But when the Chu Van troops had just entered the door of Ham Coc, General Qin was defeated by Chuong Ham, so he finally had to commit suicide.

The scene of the army commanded by Quang alley initially gained a number of victories. But when he hit Thanh Huynh Duong, the incident of the Qin army and the insurgents attacked many times. In that situation. Dien Tang and a number of other generals said that Ngo Quang was arrogant, did not know the army pretended to follow the orders of Tran Thang to kill Ngo Quang and brought his head to Tran Thang. After that, Dien Tang was ordained the Lieutenant General and became the commander of this army. He arranged a number of troops to stay at Huynh Duong, and I brought the elite force to the West to welcome the Qin army, but in the end, the entire army was defeated by Chuong Ham.

Nhan won that, Chuong Ham hit the base of the farmer’s army in Tran land. Tran Thang lost to run away, finally being killed by a traitor to surrender tons.

As for Song Luu, the commander of the third army, when he heard that Tran Thang died, he surrendered to the army of the writers to the Ham Duong to let the car tear.

Thus, after half a year of struggle, the uprising of Tran Thang and Ngo Quang came here to fail. However, it was only the end of the first phase, not the anti -Qin uprising movement was extinguished. On the contrary, the fire of the two farmer leaders had burned and increasingly spread throughout the country.

When hearing the news of Tran Thang. The Quang Lane stood up to raise the flag of uprising, many people from different classes in the old eastern countries have rebelled. Among them, the most important is the two grandchildren. Xiang Yu rebelled in Ngo and Luu Bang rebels in Bai land. Later, Liu Bang joined the forces of Luong Luong and Xiang Yu.

After hearing that Tran Thang died, to enlist the widely support of the masses. Luong Luong established a grandson of So Hoai Vuong at that time at the goats for people to become a king and also called So Hoai Vuong. Soon, Luong Luong was defeated by Chuong Ham. In the victory, Chuong Ham crossed Hoang Ha to beat Cu Loc in Trieu land, Hoai Vuong sent Xiang Yu to relieve the citadel of Cu Loc; At the same time, Liu Bang advanced to attack the land.

In Trieu land, Xiang Yu quickly defeated the Qin army, Chuong Ham had to surrender, so the reputation became illustrious. As for Liu Bang when he came to Ham Duong, King Tan was Tu Anh to ask for the goods (at that time Tan Nhi The was killed by Zhao Cao). Liu Bang sealed the stubbornness, declared to eliminate the laws of the Qin Dynasty and then withdrew his troops to play in Ba Thuong next to Ham Duong.

Upon hearing that Liu Bang had mastered Qin’s business, Xiang Yu was afraid of Liu Bang to take the old ton, and hurriedly pulled his troops into Ham Duong, killed Tu Anh, surrendered, burned the palace, collected his treasure and made his daughter bring it to the east.

So, Tan Thuy Hoang, when he first ascended the throne, he would be transmitted forever, but only for 15 years, the Qin Dynasty had been destroyed.