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Radiation is a common physical phenomenon in nature and life. From sunlight, X -rays, gamma rays to radiation from medical devices, radiation are present around us. So what is radiation? What kind of? And its application in reality? Let’s explore with Mầm non Cát Linh right here!

What is radiation?

What is radiation? Radiation is a phenomenon where energy is transmitted through space or material environment in the form of waves or particles.

This is the process of spreading or transmitting energy from the source to the surrounding points without requiring the direct transmission of matter. This energy can exist in the form of electromagnetic or particles, and can move through the air, liquid, or solid, depending on the properties of radiation.

Common types of radiation

Radiation can be classified into two main types, including electromagnetic radiation and grain radiation. Specifically as follows:

Electromagnetic radiation

What is electromagnetic radiation? Electromagnetic radiation is the phenomenon that we observe when the electric field and magnetic fluctuations combine and spread in space in the form of wave. In this process, electromagnetic waves are like waves, however, also quantum turned into “waves” that are similar to the moving particles called photons. When electromagnetic radiation spreads, it carries energy, momentum and information.

Electromagnetic radiation has the following properties:

• Ragging in a straight line in a vacuum environment.

• The transmission speed of electromagnetic radiation in the vacuum is the speed of light, about 300,000 km/s.

• Electromagnetic radiation may be reflected, refracted, scattered, absorbed.

• Electromagnetic radiation can cause biological effects, may be beneficial or harmful to human health.

Some examples of electromagnetic radiation include: visible light; Radio waves, used in television, radio, and mobile phones; Microwave, used in microwave and radar; Infrared rays, used in infrared camera and infrared thermometer; X -rays, used in medicine and industry; Gamma rays, emitted from nuclear reactions; …

Grain radiation

What is grain radiation? A particle radiation is a form of energy consisting of atomic particles, they move quickly and form a special form of radiation. When these particles move in the same direction, they are called beams, similar to light rays. The wave properties of grain radiation come from the phenomenon of bisexual-granular phenomenon, making every particle moving is wave.

The grain radiation has the following properties:

• High energy, which can cause ionization of atoms, molecules and breaking chemical bonds.

• Can be transmitted in space and material.

• May cause nuclear reactions.

Some examples of grain radiation include:

• Alpha radiation: Alpha beams, including two protons and two neutrons. Alpha radiation has low energy, easily absorbed and cannot go far in the air.

• Beta radiation: Beta beams, including electrons or positron. Beta radiation has higher energy than alpha radiation, can go further in the air.

• Gamma radiation: is a high energy electromagnetic wave. Gamma radiation has the highest energy in grain radiation, which can go far in the air and through material.

What is the total radiation?

What is the total radiation? The total radiation is the total amount of solar radiation to the Earth’s surface in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Solar radiation is the main source of energy for the Earth, providing energy for natural processes such as photosynthesis, weathering, wearing, … and is an endless source of renewable energy for humans. The total radiation measurement unit is watt per square meter (W/m2).

The total radiation is classified into two main types:

• Direct radiation: is a solar radiation transmitted through the earth atmosphere without being scattered by dust particles, water, … Direct radiation has the highest intensity and has the main effect of lighting and heating the earth’s surface.

• Diffuse radiation: is a solar radiation scattered by dust particles, water, … in the earth’s atmosphere. The diffusion radiation is lower than the direct radiation and has the main effect of warming the air and the surface of the earth.

The total radiation in Vietnam has uneven distribution in space and time. According to the statistics of the renewable energy center, the average annual radiation in Vietnam reached about 1,500 kWh/m2. In particular, the total radiation in the North is lower than the South, the total radiation in the Central is higher than the North and the South.

Regarding time distribution, the total radiation in Vietnam tends to increase from March to September and decreased from October to February next year. In particular, the month with the highest total radiation is July and the month with the lowest total radiation is January.

What is radiation safety?

What is radiation safety? Radiation safety is a concept related to the application of measures to protect against the negative effects of radiation. The objective of radiation safety is to prevent incidents and minimize impacts that can occur due to radiation exposure, to protect human health and protect the environment.

There are many measures to ensure radiation safety, including:

• Exposure to radiation is the lowest possible: This is the most important measure to ensure radiation safety. The level of contact with radiation is prescribed by radiation safety standards and standards.

• Using safety equipment, supplies and chemicals: The equipment, supplies and chemicals of radioactive chemicals must be tested, maintained and repaired periodically to ensure safety.

• Implementing measures to prevent and respond to radiation incidents: The facilities using radiation must have a plan to prevent and respond to radiation incidents to minimize the consequences of incidents.

In short, radiation safety plays an important role in protecting human health and the environment. Radiation safety helps minimize the risk of radiation diseases, protect the health of people working in the field of radiation use, environmental protection from radiation pollution.

Application of radiation in life

What is radiation? Radiation of a form of energy can be transmitted in space and matter in the form of waves or particles. Radiation has many applications in life, including:

Application of electromagnetic radiation

Electromagnetic radiation has many applications in life, including:

• In health:

• Diagnostic imaging: Ionization radiation is used in diagnostic imaging techniques such as X-ray, computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), … to create images of the human body. These images help doctors diagnose the disease and offer appropriate treatment.

• Treatment of disease: Ion chemical radiation is used in radiation therapy to destroy cancer cells.

• Radioactive injection: radioactive particles are injected into the body to kill cancer cells or other abnormal cells.

• Disinfection: Ionization radiation is used to disinfect medical equipment, food, water, …

• In industry:

• Electrical production: Radiation is used in nuclear power plants to generate electricity.

• Material treatment: Radiation is used to handle materials, such as welding, cutting, welding plasma arc, …

• Non -destructive test: Radiation is used to check the quality of the material without damaging the material.

• Coloring: Radiation is used to color products such as glass, ceramics, …

• In scientific research:

• Medical research: Radiation is used to study diseases, mechanisms of activity of the body, …

• Physical research: Radiation is used to study physical phenomena, such as atomic structures, molecules, …

• Chemical research: Radiation is used to study chemical reactions, properties of matter, …

In addition, electromagnetic radiation is also applied in many other fields, such as cultivation, agriculture, environment, …

Application of particle radiation

Grain radiation is divided into electrical radiation and neutral radiation, they are all high energy, which can cause many different physical and chemical effects. Therefore, grain radiation can be applied in many fields, such as:

Some specific applications of charged granular radiation:

• In health:

  • Proton radiation is used for brain cancer, prostate cancer, …

  • Alpha radiation is used to treat skin diseases, such as psoriasis, skin cancer, …

• In industry:

  • Electron radiation is used for metal welding, metal cutting, metal shaping, …

  • Heavy ion radiation is used for processing materials, such as surface processing, crystal processing, …

• In scientific research:

  • Proton radiation is used to study atomic structure, molecules, …

  • Alpha radiation is used to study the properties of materials, such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, …

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Some specific applications of neutral grain radiation:

• In health:

• Nuclear radiation is used for radiation of brain cancer, prostate cancer, …

• Nuclear radiation is used to treat skin diseases, such as psoriasis, skin cancer, …

• In industry:

• The nuclear radiation is used to weld metal, cut metal, shaped metal, …

• Nuclear radiation is used to process materials, such as surface processing, semen, …

• In scientific research:

• Nuclear radiation is used to study atomic structure, molecules, …

• Nuclear radiation is used to study the properties of materials, such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, …

Interesting radiation experiments

The interesting experiments below will help you better understand what is radiation, and explore now!

Experiment 1: Experiment on radiation transfer

This experiment proves that heat can be transmitted from one object to another object without physical contact. To perform the experiment, we need to prepare the following materials:

• A flashlight

• Black paper

• A white paper

• A thermometer

Conduct the experiment as follows:

1. Place a flashlight about 50 cm from black paper and white paper.

2. Leave the thermometer between the two sheets.

3. Turn on the flashlight and observe the thermometer.

We will see the thermometer between the two sheets will increase. This proves that the heat from the flashlight has transmitted two paper sheets.

Experiment 2: Experiment on white light dispersion

This experiment proves that white light is a combination of many different monochromatic light. To perform the experiment, we need to prepare the following materials:

• A glass prism

• A white light source, such as a flashlight

• One -screen

Conduct the experiment as follows:

1. Put the glass prism before the white light source.

2. Put the screen after the prism.

3. Observe the light on the screen.

We will see the light on the screen is divided into many different colors. This proves that white light is a combination of many different monochromatic light.

See also:

1. Mầm non Cát Linh Apps – Learning application helps children develop comprehensively in terms of thinking and language
2. What light is monochromatic light? What is the phenomenon of interference with two monochromatic light?
3. What is radiation balance? Ingredients and formulas for radiation balance

Experiment 3: Experiment on light scattering

This experiment proves that light may be scattered by small particles. To perform the experiment, we need to prepare the following materials:

• A white light source, such as a flashlight

• A glass jar contains water

• A glass of water containing glass

Conduct the experiment as follows:

1. Place the white light source behind the glass jar.

2. Place the glass behind the white light source.

3. Observe the light on the screen.

We will see the light on the curtain at the back of the glass jar is more scattered than the light on the curtain at the back of the glass. This proves that light may be scattered by small particles.

In addition to the above experiments, there are many other interesting experiments on radiation. These experiments can help us better understand the nature of radiation and its applications in life.